Novial

I recently reread Otto Jespersen’s An International Language (1928) which presents Novial, a new international auxiliary language. (Jespersen had previously taken part in the development of Ido from Esperanto.) I did not love it quite as much as I did circa 1979, mainly because it over-emphasizes naturalism; so it was surprising to read that Tolkien, who admired Esperanto, called Novial a “factory product … made of spare parts”.